Types of Civilization

 

 

We as human believe that 10-20 billion yrs ago due to the big bang, the universe got the form as we are witnessing it today. We got our sun, planets, moon, stars all are part of our universe. There are many universes which can't be seen by naked eyes. Thousands of year passed, as human, we have grown too far with science. Many people are searching for the planet which will have an atmosphere as earth and human can live there because the way we have progressed, we did never think about consequences that may bother us in near future. A scientist has found some stars which are similar to earth and the nearest star is about 4.3 light years away from us named "Alpha Century". It is very far, we have developed but not that enough to reach this far distance because it will take around 2 centuries to reach there. The scientist is working hard to get enough speed as a light year but its gonna take some while.

One day humans have to leave earth due to its unsurvivability in future but in search of living star we are forgetting the fact that we may get other living civilization about whom we know nothing, they may have more advanced than us. We surely for now know nothing.

Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev has proposed Three Types of Civilizations

1. Type 1 Civilization (Planetary)

 

These civilizations are able to harness a utilize all the energy that reaches the planet and the energy it can produce. According to theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, type 1 civilization should be able to influence the weather, control volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, influence global flora and fauna. It must also masters space travel to reflect space debris within that time frame which we can not.

2. Type 2 Civilization (Stellaris)

 

This civilization becomes interplanetary, getting energy from the stars is not an easy process to do that we will have to build a megastructure called Dyson Sphere, it must completely enclose a star and capture all of its energy. To reach to type 2 civilizations humans will take 3200 years.

3. Type 3 Civilization (Galactic)

 

This civilization can harness the energy from the entire galaxy, It is about 1000,000 to 1 million years more advanced than us. We can't even imagine the level of Technological advancement development and nothing is known to science that is capable of destroying type 3 civilization.

As above, we stand nowhere against them. We can not deny that if we ever try to live earth and go to another star for survival and if we meet any of above civilization, how we gonna react then.

We just can think that we are alone until and unless we meet any of them.

Big Data

Big data is similar to Small data, but having data bigger consequently requires different approaches, techniques, tools and architecture to solve new problems and old problrms in better way.

Why Big Data is Preferred
-Increase of storage capacities
-Increase of processing power
-Availability of data

Tools used in Big-Data
-No SQL: Database, Couch Db
-Map Reduce: Hadoop, Hive, Cascading
-Storage: S3, Hadoop Distributed File System
-Servers: EC2, Google App Engine
-Processing: R,Yahoo! Pipes

When Big Data is really a hard problem?
-When the operations on data are complex, for example simple counting is not a complex problem.
-Modeling and reasoning with data of different types can get truly complex.
Often, because of vast amount of data, modeling techniques can get simpler, for example smart counting replace complex model based analytics.

Applications of Big Data
1.Health care
The level of data generated within healthcare systems is important. Traditionally, the health care industry fell behind in using Big Data, because of limited ability to standardize and consolidate data.
But now Big data analytics have become better healthcare by providing personalized medicine and dictatorial analytics. Researchers are extracting the data to see what treatments are more effective for particular conditions, identify patterns related to drug side effects, and gains other important information that can help patients and reduce costs.

2.Manufacturing
Predictive manufacturing provides near-zero downtime and transparency. It requires an enormous amount of data and advanced prediction tools for a systematic process of data into useful information.

Major benefits of using Big Data applications in manufacturing industry are:
-Product quality and defects tracking
-Supply planning
-Manufacturing process defect tracking
-Output forecasting

3.Media & Entertainment
Various companies in the media and entertainment are facing new business models, for the way they - create, market and distribute their content. This is happening because of current consumer's search and the requirements of accessing content anywhere, any time, on any device.
Big Data gives actionable points of information about millions of individuals. Now, publishing environments are cutomizing advertisements and content to appeal consumers.
Big Data benefits media and entertainment industry by:
-Predicting what the audience wants
-Scheduling optimization
-Increasing acquisition and retention
-AD targeting

4.Government
The use and adoption of Big Data withing governmental processes allows efficiencies in terms of cost, productivity, and innovation. In government use cases, the same data sets are often applied across multiple applications and it requires multiple departments  to work in collaboration.

Advantages of Big Data
1.Cost Saving: Some tools of Big data like Hadoop and Cloud-Based Analytics can bring cost advantages to business when large amounts of data are to be stored and these cost tools also help in identifying more efficient ways of doing business.

2.Time Reduction: The high speed of tools like Hadoop and in-memory analytics can easily identify new sources of data which helps businesses analyzing data immediately and make quick decisions based on the learning.

3.New Product Development: By knowing the trends of customer needs and satisfaction through analytics you can create products according to the wants of customers.

Disadvantages of Big Data
-Traditional storage can cost lot of money to store big data
-lots of big data is unstructured
-Big data analysis violates principals of privacy
-It can be used for manipulation of customer records
-It may increase social stratification

Cyber Security

As technology continues to evolve so also do the opportunities and challenges it provides. We are at a crossroads as we move from a society already wrap around with the internet to the coming age of automation, Big Data, and the internet of Things (IoT).
But as a society that runs largely on technology, we are also as a result dependant on it. Technology not only bring ever greater benefits, but it also brings some great threats.

What is cybersecurity?
As with any technological advance throughout history, with the creation of new opportunities, there will always be those people that exploit them for their own gain.

Despite the threat of viruses and malware almost since the beginning of computing. Awareness of the security data with computer systems didn't gain any attention until the explosive growth of the internet.
Since then, and with internet penetration globally at an estimated 3.4 billion users, the opportunities for cybercrime have ballooned exponentially.

The need for Cyber Security
Cybersecurity is now considered an important part of individuals and families, as well as organizations, governments, educational institutions, and our business, It's essential for families and parents to protect the children and family members from online fraud. In terms of financial security, it is very important for us to secure our financial information that may affect our personal life. The Internet is very important and beneficial for faculty, student, staff, and educational institutions have provided lots of learning opportunities with a number of online risks. There is need of the hour for internet users to understand how to import is to protect themselves from online fraud and identity theft.

Various Forms of Cybercrime
Cybercrime denotes criminal activity including internet, computers or any other inter-connected infrastructure. The term that covers crimes like phishing, credit card frauds, illegal downloading, industrial espionage, child pornography, scams and so on.

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1. Cyber Stalking
It is defined as an act which is frequently done by intruding into individual personal life to cause distress, anxiety, and fear.

2.E-mail Bombing
It is sending of a large number of e-mails to a targeted person. A large number of e-mails simply fill up the person.

3.Phishing
It is a kind of fraudulent attempt that is made through email, to capture personal and financial information.

Benefits of Cyber Security
1.Protection for your Business
Cybersecurity solutions provide digital protection to your business that will ensure your employees are not at risk from potential threats such as Adware and Ransomware.

2.Increase Productivity
Viruses can slow down computers to a crawl, and making it work practically impossible by making it extremely slow.

3.Inspires customer confidence
If you can prove that your business is effectively protected against all kinds of cyber breaches, you can ensure trust in your customers that their persona; data will not be compromised.

4.Protection for your Customers
Ensure that your business is secure from cyber threats will also help to protect your customers, who could be susceptible to a cyber breach by proxy.

BLOCKCHAIN

What is blockchain?

Blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked  using cryptography (prctice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called opponents).
A blockchain is decentralized, destributed and public digital book that is used to record transactions across many computers so that the record cannot be altered atendantly without  the alteration of all subsequent blocks and the agreement of the networks.

Nowadays cryptocurrency has become a buzzword in both industry and academic. As one of the most successful cryptocurrency, Bitcoin has enjoyed a huge succes with its capital market reaching 10 billion dollars in 2016. It is one of the best example of Blockchian.

As it allows payment to be finished without any bank or any intermediary. Blockchain can be used in various financial services such as digital assets,  online payment.


Examples of Blockchain Technology in Practice

1.Entertainment
Spotify: When spotify acquired blockchain startup Mediachain Labs it was to help develope solutions via a decentralized database to better connect artists and licensing agreements with the tracks on Spotify.

2.Social Engagement
Matchpool: Matchmakers are rewarded for making succesful matches whether its dating to freelancing to Uber and Airbnb.

3.Insurance
Accenture: With goals to boost efficiency and productivity within the insurance industry, Accenture builds blockchain solutions for insurance clients. They translate key insurance industry processes into blockchain ready procedures that set trust into the system.

4.Real Estate
BitProperty: Using blockchain and smart contracts, BitProperty wants to democratize opportunity aand create a decentralized society by allowing anyone anywhere in the world to invest in real estate.

5.Charity
Ubiquity: This global donation platform leverages Bitcoin and blockchain technology to provide greater transparency to donors by sharing real-time financial and project information. Save the Children, The water Project and Medic Mobile are few of the charities working with the BitGive.


Advantages of Blockchain

1.Reduced risk of data tempering and frauds as Blockchain contracts or networks cannot be breached.The data of Blockchain networks is only accessible to network members through private keys.

2.A trusted, distributed digital place for all kinds of transactions. with Blockchain you do bussiness with anybody whom you dont essentially trust and not worry about the transaction.

3.Middlemen-free transations.

4.Absolute transparancy.


Disadvantages of Blockchain

1.Higher network speed costs.

2.Slow transaction : Blockchain transaction go through 3 main steps that include: signature verification, consensus, and redundancy.

3.Regulatory uncertainties

4.Adoption concerns

5.System integration concerns

6.Significant energy consumption


Conclusion:
It is useful to understand blockchains in the context of bitcoin, but you should not assume that all blockchain ecosystems need bitcoin mechanisms such as proof of work, longest chain rule, etc. The Bitcoin is the first attempt at maintaining a decentralised, public ledger with no formal control or governance. There are significant chanllenges involved.
On other hand, private distributed ledgers and blockchains can be deployed to solve other sets of problems.

Internet of Things (IoT) : Make your life simpler

What is IoT?

" Sensors and actuators (a component of a machine that is responsible for moving and controlling a mechanism) embedded in physical objects are linked through word and wireless network"

IoT is a system of associated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction

The term Internet of Things was invented in 1990, initially to promote (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology.
The popularity of term IoT opened up in 2010/2011 and reached mass market in early 2014.

The concept of the IoT is no longer stuff of science fiction but crucial part of the reality of our daily life. There are more than 13 billion linked digital and electronic devices in operation worldwide, equal of nearly 2 devices for every human on earth.

Examples of IoT:
1.Nest Smart Home (App to monitor each IoT device in home)

2.Kisi Smart Lock

3.Canary Smart Security System
4.DHL's Iot Tracking and Monitoring System
5.ProGlove's Smart Glove
6.Kohler Verdera Smart Mirror


Advantages of IoT:
1.Comunication: Iot encourages the communication between devices.
2.Automation and Control: Due to physical objects getting connected and controlled digitally and centrally with wireless infrastructure, there is large amount of automation and control in the workings.
3.Information: It is sure that having more information helps making better decisions.
4.Time Saving
5.Automation of daily tasks leads to better monitoring of device
6.Provides better Efficient
7.Save Money
8.Better Quality of life

Disadvantages of Iot:
1.Compatibility: Currently there is no international standard of compatibility for the tagging and monitoring equipment.
2.Complexity: As with all complex systems, there are more chances of failure.
3.Privacy/Security: With all of this IoT data being transmitted, the risk of losing privacy increases.
4.Safety: If a hacker changes your instructions.
5.Self Employment of Common staff
6.Technology takes control of life

Future of IoT:
IoT devices are becoming a part of the mainstream electronics culture and people are adopting smart devices into their homes faster than ever. By 2020, it is predicted that there will be up to 21 billion connected devices to the internet. IoT devices will be huge part of how we interact with basic everyday objects.

Conclusion:
The IoT has the future to completely increase the opportunity of information, and is likely to change the companies and organizations in practically every industry around the world.

Artificial Intelligence : Basic

What do you think of artificial intelligence?
You all have seen in movies, robots are able to talk, think, have emotions, and make decisions just like humans.

The father of the field John McCarthy described artificial intelligence as any task performed by a program or machine that if a human carried out by the same activity, we would say the human had to apply intelligence to accomplish the task. In a simple word, we can say that machine having a human brain.

examples are speech recognition, decision making, and translation between languages, Visualizations.

Real life AI examples:
1.Self Driving Cars
2.Boston Dynamics
3.Navigation System
4.ASIMO(a humanoid robot which can simulate the motions of the human body)
5.Chatbots
6.Human vs Computer Games
many more.


There are two categories in AI
1. WEAK AI:
Machines with weak Artificial Intelligence are made to respond to the specific situation, but can not think for themselves.
Example: Siri.

2. STRONG AI
A machine with a strong AI is able to act and think just like a human. It is able to learn from experiences.
Example: Sophia, Alpha go.

Machine Learning:
An application of AI that gives machines the ability to Automatically learn and improve from the experiences without the help of humans or new programming.

How to determine the level of intelligence of computer?

In the 1950s Alan Turing created the Turing Test which is used to determine the level of intelligence of a machine.
In the Turing Test, there is one interrogator, one person, and a machine in a room with separate rooms. Interrogator asks a question to the person and machine. If the interrogator is unable to recognize the machine then the machine is said to pass the Turing test.

The Future of AI:
1.Military
2.The perfect lawyer
3.Music
4.Bussines
5.Healthcare

Benefits of AI:
1.Wars
2.Dangerous Workspaces
3.Car Accident
4.Natural Disaster

and AI also Making life easier by helping with tasks such as:
-Cleaning
-Shopping
-Transportation